According to Skolnick, which stage is NOT typically a deception stage in police work?

• A. Interrogation
• B. Testimony in court
• C. Investigations
• D. Arrests

Answer: (B)

Skolnick’s view focuses on deceptive tactics used during the investigative and procedural stages of policing to uncover information or secure cooperation. In investigations, undercover work or misdirection may be used to gather facts. In interrogation, officers may employ tactics that rely on deception to elicit admissions or confessions. Arrests can involve controlled deception to surprise and manage risk. In contrast, courtroom testimony is a setting where honesty and accuracy are required, and deception is prohibited; it isn’t a stage where police deception is a typical practice. So, testimony in court is not a deception stage.