The rotten apple theory posits that police misconduct is caused by what?

• A. A systemic organizational culture problem
• B. The belief that policing misconduct is caused by external factors
• C. A lack of training
• D. The belief that police misconduct is caused by a few bad individuals rather than organizational culture

Answer: (D)

The idea being tested contrasts individual blame with systemic causes. The rotten apple view says misconduct comes from a few morally flawed officers, implying the problem lies with these individuals rather than with the organization as a whole. It focuses on personal character, judgment, and integrity, not on culture, supervision, or structure within the department.

That’s why describing misconduct as caused by a handful of bad individuals rather than organizational culture is the best match. The other options point to broader systemic issues or external influences—factors the rotten apple perspective would not emphasize.