What is the process by which police actions are reviewed for constitutionality?

• A. Judicial review
• B. Administrative review
• C. Legislative review
• D. Executive review

Answer: (A)

Judicial review is the process by which courts examine police actions to determine if they comply with the Constitution. In policing, this means courts assess searches, seizures, arrests, and interrogations under constitutional standards, such as the Fourth Amendment. When a violation is found, the outcome often involves suppressing evidence or overturning the action, providing a crucial check on police power. Administrative review occurs within agencies and doesn’t decide constitutional questions, legislative review involves lawmakers evaluating or changing laws, and executive review refers to oversight within the executive branch rather than a court ruling on constitutionality.