Which concept involves civilian review of police conduct to increase accountability and transparency?

• A. Grass-eaters
• B. Civil liability
• C. Gratuities
• D. Citizen oversight

Answer: (D)

Citizen oversight means having civilians review police conduct to increase accountability and transparency. A civilian oversight body, such as an independent review board, handles complaints, reviews investigations, and can issue findings and recommendations to improve policies or discipline. This outside perspective helps the public see that concerns are examined impartially, not just within the police department. Grass-eaters refer to officers who engage in corrupt practices; civil liability is about legal action against the department or officers; gratuities are gifts accepted by officers. So civilian oversight best fits the description.